Story of Palaeobotany Series (No.39): Fellows and Foreign members of the Royal Society (London) regarding palaeobotany---In commemoration of the 350th anniversary of the Royal Society (London) (by Qigao Sun) [In Chinese with some English citations]
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----谨以此文纪念英国皇家学会成立350周年!
英国皇家学会(The Royal Society)成立于1660年11月底,其英文全名为“The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge”(伦敦皇家自然知识促进学会)。该学会是世界上历史最悠久而且从未中断过的科学学会,它在英国实际上起着全国科学院的作用(UK’s Academy of Sciences)。今年是英国皇家学会成立350周年,有许多纪念活动。参见:
目前的英国皇家学会有4种院士(或称“会员”):第一类是从英国及英联邦成员国遴选出的著名科学家和工程师,称作“Fellow of the Royal Society ”(简称“FRS”),这是学会的主体;第二类是“Royal Fellows”,目前仅有4名这种院士,均是皇室成员;第三类是 “Honorary Fellows”,已选出7名“荣誉院士);第四类是“Foreign Members”(简称“ForMemRS--Foreign Member of the Royal Society)”)---“外籍院士”从英联邦以外的国家和地区选举产生。
我在《古植物学的故事》第13期简要介绍了英国古植物学的发展情况,文中提及当选英国皇家学会院士的几位古植物学家,如:Sir Albert Charles Seward(1863---1941)、Thomas Maxwell Harris (1903 --1983)等。他们对英国乃世界古植物学的学术传承起着很重要的促进作用。参见:
Emanuel Mendez da CostaFRS (5 June 1717--31 May 1791)
Election date: 26 Nov 1747
1811
Robert BrownFRS (21 Dec 1773--10 June 1858)
Election date: 12 Dec 1811
1828
John Lindley FRS (5 Feb 1799—1 Nov 1865)
Election date: 17 Jan 1828
1828
Christian Leopold von Buch ForMemRS (26 Apr 1774--4 March 1853)
Election date: 15 May 1828
Foreign Member
1837
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg ForMemRS (19 April 1795--27 June 1876)
Foreign member
Election date: 27 April 1837
1838
Joseph Bancroft Reade FRS (5 April 1801—12 Dec 1870 )
Election date: 18 Feb 1838
1839
Charles Darwin FRS (?12 Feb 1809—19 Apr 1882)
Election: 24 Jan 1839
1840
William Hutton FRS (?21 March 1797 --?21 November 1860)
Election date: 4 June 1840
1851
Charles James Fox Bunbury FRS (4 Feb 1809 --18 June 1886)
Election: 5 June 1851
1852
Adophe-Theodore Brongniart ForMemRS (14 Jan 1801--18 Feb 1876)
Election date: 25 Nov 1852
Foreign member
1854
William Crawford WilliamsonFRS (24 Nov 1816--23 June 1895)
Election date: 1 June 1854
1856
Edward William Binney FRS (7 Dec 1812 --19 Dec 1881)
Election date: 5 June 1856
1862
Sir William Dawson FRS (13 Oct 1820 --19 Nov 1899)
Election date: 5 June 1862
1871
Robert Etheridge FRS (3 Dec 1819--18 Dec 1903)
Election: 8 June 1871
1894
Dunkinfield Henry Scott FRS (28 Nov 1854--29 Jan 1934)
Election date: 7 June 1894
1898
Sir Albert Charles Seward FRS (9 Oct 1863--11 April 1941)
Election date: 9 June 1898
1902
Robert Kidston FRS (29 June 1852 -–13 July 1924)
Election date: 5 June 1902
1905
Francis Wall Oliver FRS (10 May 1864--14 Sep 1951)
Election date: 11 May 1905
1911
William Henry Lang FRS (12 May 1874—29 August 1960)
4 May 1911
1917
Frederick Ernest Weiss FRS (2 Nov 1865--7 Jan 1953)
Election date: 3 May 1917
1934
Hugh Hamshaw ThomasFRS (29 May 1885—30 June 1962)
Election date: 3 May 1934
1936
Birbal Sahni FRS ( 14 Nov 1891--10 April 1949)
Election date: 7 May 1936
1945
Harry GodwinFRS (9 May 1901--12 August 1985)
Election date: 22 March 1945
1948
Thomas Maxwell Harris FRS (8 Jan 1903 --1 May 1983)
Election date: 18 March 1948
1976
William Gilbert Chaloner FRS (28 Nov. 1928--)
Election date: 18 March 1976
1996
Dianne Edwards FRS(23 Feb 1942--)
Election date: 14 March 1996
1998
Sir Peter Robert Crane FRS(18 July 1954--)
Election date: 14 May 1998
现代古植物学的兴起经历了一个很漫长的历史发展过程。在17世纪至19世纪,专职从事古植物学研究的人(即职业古植物学家)很少,但有些博物家、地质学家、植物学家等有时涉猎化石植物的研究,如:英国的达尔文(1809—1882)和德国的Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg(1795—1876)等。正是由于这些众多“业余古植物学家”的大胆探索才逐步推动了现代古植物学的产生。
有人认为Sir Albert Charles Seward (1863--1941)是英国现代古植物学的一代宗师。他是职业古植物学家,毕业于剑桥大学,1906—1936年任剑桥大学植物学教授,其间担任过剑桥大学副校长(Vice-Chancellor,1924—1926)。1898年他当选为英国皇家学会院士,时年35岁。英国伦敦自然历史博物馆(NHM London)古植物部有个“Seward Library”,主要是纪念这位著名古植物学家的。参见: