Plant anatomy-17b: Antony van Leeuwenhoek FRS (1632—1723)  

Outline of Antony van Leeuwenhoek FRS (1632—1723)  and plant anatomy

Antony van Leeuwenhoek FRS (1632—1723) [This picture is cited from Ford (1981b).]

∮1 Brief life chronology and relevant backgrounds

--1629: [First wife Wife Barbara de Meij (c.1629--1666) was born];

--1632 (October 24): Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632—1723) was born in Delft of the Netherlands;

--1634 (April9): [ Second wife Cornelia Johannes Swalmius (1634--1694) baptized in Valkenburg];

--1638 (January 8): (6 years old)  Father Philips Thonis Leeuwenhoek buried in Nieuwe Kert;

--1640 (December 1):  Mother Margriete Jacobs van de Berch (1594--1664) married Jacob de Molijn (1594--1649);

--1641 (January 1): (9 years old)  Began to attend school in Warmond;

--1646 (January 1):   Apprenticed with his uncle (Pieter Douchy) in Benthuizen;

--1646 (May8): [ Father-in-law Elias de Meij buried in Nieuwe Kerk];

--1648 (January1): (16 years old) Apprenticed with Scottish linen merchant William Davidson(??1616--??1689) in Amsterdam;

--1649 (May2): [Stepfather Jacob de Molijn (1594--1649) buried in Oude Kerk];

--1654 (July29): (22 years old) Married his first wife Barbara de Meiji (c.1629--1666);

--1654(October 12): [About 1200 were killed in Delft in the fire disaster];

--1655 (February 16): (23 years old)  Bought a house and shop on the west side of the Hippolytursbuurt and worked as a draper to support his family;

--1655 (September 15): Son Philips (first so named) baptized;

--1656 (September 24): Daughter Maria Thonis Leeuwenhoek (1656--1745);

--1660 (March26):  Appointed as an official of city magistrate’s court;

--1664 (September 3): Mother Margriete Jacobs van de Berch (1594--1664) buried in OudeKerk;

--1665 (September 1): [British physicist and microscopist Robert Hooke FRS (罗伯特·胡克, 1635—1703) published Micrographia(《显微图志》)];

--1666 (June27): Son Philips (third) buried in Oude Kerk;

--1666 (July14): (34 years old) First wife Barbara de Meij (c.1629--1666) buried in OudeKerk;

--1666 (October 10): Appointed as a district supervisor;

--1667 (May18): Appointed as a curator of estate of Simon de Bourbon (1633--??);

--1668 (January 1): (36 years old) Traveled to England;

--1669 (February 4): Certified as a surveyor after passing the oral examination;

--1671 (January 25): (39 years old) Married second wife Cornelia Johannes Swalmius(1634--1694);

--1673 (April28): (41 years old) Wrote letter to German theologian Henry Oldenburg FRS(1619--1677), who is an original fellow of the Royal Society (RS) in London,the first secretary of the RS, the founding editor and publisher of the journalPhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society [《自然科学会报》 (Phil.Trans.)] andthe creator of scientific peer review;

--1673 (May18): (41years old) First letter was published in the Philosophical Transactions [entitled—“ Philosophical Transactions of the RoyalSociety (Phil. Trans.)”from 1776];

--1673 (August 17): [Dutchphysician and anatomist Regnier de Graaf (1641--1673) died at age of 32];

--1674 (August 1): (42 years old) First observed microbes;

--1675 (September 15): (43 years old) First observed microbes in the rain water;

--1676 (November 18):  Visited by Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨,1646--1716);

--1677 (September 5): [Henry Oldenburg FRS (1619--1677) died];

--1677 (November 15): Robert Hooke FRS (罗伯特·胡克,1635—1703) demonstrated the discovery of microbes observed by Antony vanLeeuwenhoek;

--1678 (March18 and 31): Wrote letters to British microscopist and plant anatomist Nehemiah Grew FRS (1641—1712);

--1679 (August 15): Appointed as city inspector of imported and exported liquids orwine gauger;

--1680 (January 29): (48 years old) Elected to the Royal Society (London) on January 29, 1680;

--1680 (February 17): [Dutch biologist and microscopist Jan Swammerdam (1637--1680) died];

--1680 (April5):  British physicist and microscopist Robert Hooke FRS (罗伯特·胡克, 1635—1703) send Leeuwenhoek official notice of the election as fellow of the Royal Society;

--1694 (June6): (62 years old) Second wife Cornelia Johannes Swalmius (1634--1694) died;

--1685 (February 13): Visited by Thomas Molyneux FRS (1661--1733) on behalf of theRoyal Society;

--1685 (August 27)--1692:  British astronomer Edmond Halley FRS (1656--1742) once served as editor of the Philosophical Transactions and he did not publish any of Leeuwenhoek’s letters in thescientific journal from 1685 to 1693;

--1692 (February 1): Robert Hooke FRS (罗伯特·胡克,1635—1703) called Leeuwenhoek the microscope’s “single votary”;

--1693 (January 1): English naturalist Richard Waller FRS (c.1646--?1715) served as secretary of the Royal Society from 1691 to 1693 and again from 1710 to 1714, and he edited the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society from 1691 to1693. Richard Waller resumed to publish Leeuwenhoek’s letters;

--1693 (November 30):  Irish physician andentrepreneur Hans Sloane FRS (1660—1753) was elected secretary to the Royal Society; From then on, he edited the Philosophical Transactions of theRoyal Society for the following 20 years when he published a total of 68letters written by Leeuwenhoek;

--1694 (November 29): [Italian biologist, microscopist and one of founders of plantanatomy Marcello Malpighi FRS (1628--1694) died];

--1698 (January 1):  Visited by Tsar Peter theGreat of Russia (彼得大帝,1672--1725);

--1700 (January 1):  Visited by Irish physicianand entrepreneur Hans Sloane FRS (1660—1753), who was editor of the PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society;

--1701 (August 1): (69 years old) 50^th publications in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in London;

--1703 (March3): [British physicist and microscopist Robert Hooke FRS (罗伯特·胡克, 1635—1703) died];

--1704 (January 1): Tried to resign from the city inspector / wine gauger job;

--1711 (December 23): Delft’s mayors annulled Leeuwenhoek’s position of district supervisor;

--1712 (March25): [British microscopist and plant anatomist Nehemiah Grew FRS (1641—1712) died];

--1721 (May1): (89 years old) 100^th publications in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in London;

--1722 (July13): Received payment from the city for inspector / wine gauger duties;

--1723 (August 26): (91 years old) Died in Delft of the Netherlands at age of 91.

∮2 Botanical observations and publications

2-2

A list of plant materials observed by Antony van Leeuwenhoek FRS (1632—1723) using microscopes

(1) Grains & Meal

Shoot, grass blade, and root of barley

Grain of barley

Meal of wheat, rye, and barley

Meal of oat and bean

Meal of bean and green pea

(2) Fruit / Seeds

Seed and vessels of pear

Seeds of pear; vessels of trees

Seeds of apple and bean

Seeds of Cotton, Palm, or Date-Stones, Cloves, Nutmegs, Goose-Berries, Currans, Tulips, Cassia, Lime-Tree

Seeds of Figs, Strawberries

Seeds of Oranges

Seeds of Polypodium.

(3) Tropical plants

Nut of coconut / Nut and rind of coconut

Vessels and sheath of coconut / Wood of coconut tree

Ebony / lignum vitae / cinchona / cinnamon / nutmeg

(4) Other plants

cork from Quercus suber

Wood of Fraxinus (ash)

Iris florentina

Smilax

Elm

Spruce

Bark of Trees

Willow Leaves

Celandine

2-2

An incomplete list of letters published in the Philosophical Transactions [entitled—“ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (Phil. Trans.)”from 1776]

∮3 Julius von Sachs’(1832--1897) degrading comments in 1875

Julius von Sachs (1832--1897), 1875. Geschichte der Botanik vom 16. Jahrhundert bis 1860.München : R. Oldenbourg. I—XII, 1—612 [English version-- Julius von Sachs.History of Botany (1530--1860). Authorised translation by Henry Edward  Fowler Garnsey (1826--1903) and revised by Isaac Bayley Balfour (1853--1922). First published in 1890. Reissued by  New York / Russell & Russell in 1967.  I—xv, 1 –568.]

∮4 Antony van Leeuwenhoek FRS (1632—1723) and plant anatomy

4-1

Ford B.J., 1981a.Leeuwenhoek's specimens discovered after 307 year. Nature 292: 407.

Ford B.J. 1981b. Thevan Leeuwenhoek specimens. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 36:37–59

Ford B.J.,1982. The Origins of plant anatomy—Leeuwenhoek’s cork sections examined. IAWA Bulletin n.s., 3 (1):7-10

4-2

Baas P., 1982. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and his observation on the structure of the woody cell wall. IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 3 (1):3-6

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Qigao Sun (孙启高):

古今植物学大讲堂

Lectures on Neobotany & Palaeobotany

植物演化生物学讲座-17b

Lectures on Evolutionary Biology of Plants (17b)

植物形态解剖学: Neo &Paleo-植物学（17b）

结构植物学: Neo &Paleo-植物学(17b)

Morphology& Anatomy: Neobotany+Paleobotany (No.17b)

Structural Botany: Neobotany+Paleobotany (No.17b)

Antony van Leeuwenhoek FRS (1632—1723) and plant anatomy (English Part)

为何显微镜宗师列文虎克(1632--1723)的植物学贡献被忽略？

2017年5月

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http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-1031964.html

2017-2-6 21:44

Dutch businessman and microscopist Antony vanLeeuwenhoek FRS (安东尼·列文虎克, 1632—1723)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek

http://lensonleeuwenhoek.net

http://lensonleeuwenhoek.net/category/bibliography/Philosophical%20Transactions

Delft city of the Netherlands(荷兰代尔夫特市)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delft

Timeline of microscopes 显微镜的时间表

https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/physics/microscopes/timeline/

(转载--http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-1055400.html2017-5-17 09:46)

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Julius von Sachs (1832--1897), 1875. Geschichte der Botanik vom 16. Jahrhundert bis 1860.München : R. Oldenbourg. I—XII, 1—612 [English version-- Julius von Sachs.History of Botany (1530--1860). Authorised translation by Henry Edward  Fowler Garnsey (1826--1903) and revised byIsaac Bayley Balfour (1853--1922). First published in 1890. Reissued by  New York / Russell & Russell in 1967.  I—xv, 1 –568.]

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Ford B.J., 1981a.Leeuwenhoek's specimens discovered after 307 year. Nature 292: 407.

Ford B.J. 1981b. The van Leeuwenhoek specimens. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 36:37–59

Ford B.J.,1982. The Origins of plant anatomy—Leeuwenhoek’s cork sections examined. IAWABulletin n.s., 3 (1):7-10

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Baas P. , 1982.Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and his observation on the structure of the woody cell wall. IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 3 (1):3-6

Pieter Baas, Systematic, phylogenetic, and ecological wood anatomy—History and perspective, pp.23--58

In:

New Perspectives in WoodAnatomy / edited by P. Baas.

Published on the occasionof the 50th anniversary of the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA)

The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff / Dr W. Junk Publishers, 1982. I—vi, 252

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Lane N., 2015. The unseen world: reflections on Leeuwenhoek (1677) ‘Concerning little animals’. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 370:20140344.http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0344

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发表于 2010-12-23 7:17:57

=============================

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植物演化生物学讲座-17a

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植物形态解剖学: Neo &Paleo-植物学（17a）

结构植物学: Neo &Paleo-植物学(17a)

Morphology& Anatomy: Neobotany+Paleobotany (No.17a)

Structural Botany: Neobotany+Paleobotany (No.17a)

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http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-1057189.html

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