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我们从哪里来?生命的历史

已有 3339 次阅读 2011-6-3 07:19 |系统分类:科普集锦| 历史

我们从哪里来?生命的历史
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•Entire universe arose about 15 billion years ago.

150亿年前宇宙开始形成 
•The solar system started taking shape about 5 billion years ago.

50亿年前太阳系开始出具形态
•The sun ignites as condensed hydrogen gas atoms begin fusing to form helium.

太阳开始燃烧,氢气-氦气 
•The earth starts to coalesce and cool about 4.5 billion years ago.
45亿年前,地球开始凝聚结合冷却成形

•The early earth was rich in water, silica, metals, heavier molecules, and other rocky components. 

早期地球富含水、硅石、金属、大分子及其他岩石成分 
•Early oceans became salty as carbonates, Mg+2, K+, and other ions accumulated as acids (e.g., H2CO3, HNO3, H2SO4) interacted with water and inorganic matter.  

碳酸盐等慢慢形成碳酸、硝酸和硫酸等,早期海洋开始变咸
•Atmosphere arose as the earth formed and as out-gassing occurred from within the earth, CO (carbon monoxide), CO2, H2S (hydrogen sulfide), CH4 (methane), and NH3 (ammonia).  The characteristics of the early atmosphere is based, in part, on what planetary astronomers have discovered from other planets in the solar system.

原始大气
•Conditions on earth, before life began

地球上慢慢形成生命出现的条件
•First protobiont appears about 3.5 billion years ago.

35亿年前,最初的原始生命开始出现  

以下是以24小时周期表述的“生命历史”

生命的历史 Xuefeng Pan

Midnight - first protobiont or life forms come into existence (approx. 3.5 billion years ago) or midnight.  Prokaryotes rule! 
原核生物主导世界
 
Evolution of photosynthesis eventually leads to accumulation of  toxic levels of oxygen
光合作用的进化
氧气的积累导致生命的第一次大灭绝-  leads to mass extinction. 大灭绝once (杀死厌氧生物!
10:17 a.m. - first eukaryotes (e.g., unicellular organisms - protozoan-like).
第一个真核生物出现
8:18 p.m. - trilobites and other aquatic multicellular organisms appear in earth's oceans (Cambrian explosion).
寒武纪生命大爆发
8:34 p.m. - first vertebrates (e.g., marine and fresh-water fish).
第一批脊椎动物出现了
9:15 p.m. - land plants first appear.
陆地植物出现了
9:36 p.m. - winged insects take to the land and air.
有翼昆虫占领陆地和空中
10:34 p.m.- mass extinction. (大灭绝once-大洗牌!)
 
生物再次大灭绝,恐龙出现?Where?
11:18 p.m. - dinosaurs rule. 恐龙的世界
11:19 p.m. mass extinction (approximately 75 % of all life goes extinct). ( 大灭绝once  是谁杀死了恐龙?)
生命再次遭受大灭绝
11:33 p.m. (approximately 65 mya) - adaptive radiation of birds and mammals.
 
11:59 p.m. - Humans arrive on the scene (200,000 years ago). 人类的出现
11:59:56 p.m.- Birth of human civilization. 人类文明的诞生


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