图谋博客分享 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/u/libseeker 图谋,为图书馆学情报学谋,为图书情报事业谋。

博文

《诚如所思》,诚如所言?

已有 16737 次阅读 2009-4-24 11:44 |个人分类:学习日志|系统分类:科研笔记| 情报学

     维纳•布什(Vannevar Bush)在《大西洋月刊》1945年7月号上发表的《诚如所思》(As We May Think)。此文被中外多数情报学家视为情报学诞生的标志。而且“由于他的伟大成就,后人给他冠以众多头衔,尊称其为‘信息科学之父’‘现代电脑之父’‘超文本之始祖’‘NSF之父’等。[见:相关资料2]
    今日,笔者对《诚如所思》有着较为强烈的兴趣。搜集了一些相关信息,并将相关资料1、2、3打印出来阅读。阅读过程中,产生系列疑问:《诚如所思》,诚如所言?
    维纳•布什(Vannevar Bush)功勋卓著,毋庸置疑。但是,如果把《诚如所思》(As We May Think)当老子《道德经》来解读,则未必妥当。笔者统计了一下,《诚如所思》全文8000字左右。根据所获得一些文献,还真有当《道德经》解读的倾向。
    《诚如所思》,诚如所言?笔者不敢妄断,亟待进一步学习。特此将相关资料罗列于后,供同好参考。
相关资料
1 As We May Think.http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/194507/bush
Information出现4次,依次为:
(1) When data of any sort are placed in storage, they are filed alphabetically or numerically, and information is found (when it is) by tracing it down from subclass to subclass.
(2)We know that when the eye sees, all the consequent information is transmitted to the brain by means of electrical vibrations in the channel of the optic nerve.
(3)The impulses which flow in the arm nerves of a typist convey to her fingers the translated information which reaches her eye or ear, in order that the fingers may be caused to strike the proper keys.
(4)Might not these currents be intercepted, either in the original form in which information is conveyed to the brain, or in the marvelously metamorphosed form in which they then proceed to the hand?
knowledge出现四次,依次是:
(1)They have given him increased knowledge of his own biological processes so that he has had a progressive freedom from disease and an increased span of life.
(2)Science has provided the swiftest communication between individuals; it has provided a record of ideas and has enabled man to manipulate and to make extracts from that record so that knowledge evolves and endures throughout the life of a race rather than that of an individual.
(3) Only then will mathematics be practically effective in bringing the growing knowledge of atomistics to the useful solution of the advanced problems of chemistry, metallurgy, and biology.
(4) This is a much larger matter than merely the extraction of data for the purposes of scientific research; it involves the entire process by which man profits by his inheritance of acquired knowledge.
library出现4次,依次是:
(1)Consider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library.
(2)Any given book of his library can thus be called up and consulted with far greater facility than if it were taken from a shelf.
(3)A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.
(4)Even the modern great library is not generally consulted; it is nibbled at by a few.
Memex出现12次。

2 周晓英、崔佳佳、唐宇萍等.情报学的起源与方向——从布什的《诚如所思》谈起.情报科学,2004(2):129-132
在西方国家、中国大陆和台湾发表的许多情报学著作都明确指出,美国学者范内瓦.布什1945年发表在《大西洋月刊》上的一篇文章《诚如所思》是情报学诞生的标志,是影响信息科学发展的重要文献。(图谋疑问:“情报学”与“信息科学”是同一概念吗?如果不是,关系如何?)
由于他的伟大成就,后人给他冠以众多头衔,尊称其为“信息科学之父”“现代电脑之父”“超文本之始祖”“NSF之父”等。

3 王知津、李明珍.情报学的不朽篇章——纪念《诚如所思》发表60周年.情报理论与实践,2005(1):1-5
“作为科学研究与发展办公室(OSRD)主任的布什于1945年7月又专门撰写了《诚如所思》一文,以回答‘战后科学应该朝着什么方向发展,以及战后科学发展带来的数量激增的信息如何处理和利用’这一摆在各国科学家面前亟待解决的问题。”
4 As We May think--中文翻译版(2008-11-22 21:59:57)
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c683f990100bq59.html
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c683f990100bquq.html
5 http://www.wretch.cc/blog/arshloh&article_id=1164602
在閱讀資訊科學相關論文時,很多人都會提到Vannevar Bush於一九四五年七月於大西洋月刊中發表這一篇文章"As We May Think" ,於日前,終於將全文閱讀完。對於一位百年前時代的人物,可以預言百年後資訊時代的技術如此準確,震撼不已。
 6 memex.http://baike.baidu.com/view/1803315.html?fromTaglist
Memex
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memex
Criticism
Michael Buckland, in an article published in 1992, suggested that the memex was severely flawed because Bush did not thoroughly understand information science and had a low opinion of indices and classification schemes: "Bush thought that the creation of arbitrary associations between individual records was the basis of memory, so he wanted 'mem(ory-)ex', or 'Memex instead of index'. The result was a personalized, but superficial and inherently self-defeating design."[Buckland, Michael K. "Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Document Retrieval, And Vannevar Bush's Memex". Journal of the American Society for Information Science 43, no. 4 (May 1992): 284–294 ]
7 Vannevar Bush(1890-1974)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vannevar_Bush
"After thinking about the potential of augmented memory for several years, Bush set out his thoughts at length in the essay "As We May Think" in the Atlantic Monthly which is described as having been written in 1936 but set aside when war loomed. He removed it from his drawer and it was published in July 1945. "
8 严怡民 主编.情报学概论(修订版). _武汉:武汉大学出版社,1994.10
“情报学在50年代末期便作为一门新兴的科学在“情报爆炸”中诞生了。”(p42)
情报学是研究有关情报的生产、搜集、整理、存贮、检索、报道服务和分析研究的原理原则与方式方法的学科。ISO(1979)定义:“情报学就是对情报的功能、结构、传递的研究和情报系统管理的研究。”
9 严怡民等著.现代情报学理论._武汉:武汉大学出版社,1996.10
“在我国,情报学研究起步较晚,一般认为从50年代开始,但直到70年代末才得以发展。”(P2)



https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-213646-227924.html

上一篇:发表多少篇论文合适?
下一篇:我国首届图情硕士研究生论文目录
收藏 IP: .*| 热度|

3 赵星 杨秀海 周春雷

发表评论 评论 (4 个评论)

数据加载中...
扫一扫,分享此博文

Archiver|手机版|科学网 ( 京ICP备07017567号-12 )

GMT+8, 2024-3-29 23:46

Powered by ScienceNet.cn

Copyright © 2007- 中国科学报社

返回顶部