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Modern civilization has created increasingly complex projects, institutions, and mechanisms for human needs. Examples are:
1. National wide electric grid (or even the so-called smart grid) that distributes reliable and inexpensive power to every user, industrial or individual.
2. World wide communication network such as the Internet
3. Space exploration such as the Apollo moon landing and the Mars Rover project
4. Global economic and financial systems
5. Large scale military operations
6. Others too many to mention, e.g., paper processing bureaucracies of insurance and tax collection, The GPS system, etc.
Design, testing/verification, operation, and maintenance of such systems belong in the realm of System Engineering. Thus,
• what constitute System Engineering?
• Or more appropriately how do you train a system engineer?
Books have been written on the subject, courses are taught in universities, and occasionally even academic department has been established and then vanished. The Chinese Academy of Sciences has a Mathematic and Systems Science Institute which just celebrated its 30th anniversary of establishment in 2009. And one of the foremost Chinese Scientist, H.S. Tsien钱学森, is an early proponent of system engineering. His achievements of两弹一星 in Chinese aerospace are well known.
What are examples of system engineers? A simple example easily understood even without scientific knowledge is an Architect/General-contractor in the design and construction of an office building. S/he must be an artist with appreciation of form and beauty, knowledgeable about material science and engineering technology, economically and financially savvy, and finally excellent manager of different kinds of people who must actually build the structure. Similarly, designing, testing, operating, and maintaining a modern international airport is another example. A definition I like is that a system engineer is a specialist in the general -专业的通用人材 .
Among the four skills - designing, testing, operating, and maintaining – Design is first among equals. It not only includes planning, optimizing, and constraints satisfaction but also the tasks of design for ease of manufacturing, testing, and maintenance. In other words, if the system is designed correctly to start with, then building, operating, and maintaining it should be less troublesome.
How should student of system engineering be trained? Here are my personal views. The student should have an undergraduate or master degree in one scientific/engineering discipline so that s/he can claim some “depth” in one branch of science and technology. Then s/he should obtain a master degree in system engineering taking a majority of courses from the following list:
• Probability and Stochastic processes
• Linear algebra and systems theory
• Abstract algebra and combinatorics
• Feedback and optimal control
• Computer science fundamentals – data base and mining, pattern recognition, computational intelligence, verification theory
This is what might be considered as the “breadth” part of system engineering. Taken together, the “breadth” and “depth” constitute a “T” structure of knowledge. Finally, real world experience on a system engineering project will complete his/her experience (I view practical training more important than a master thesis in system engineering) .
Finally, as a humorous aside, one can add to the above six word definition of system engineer the phrase “ . . . who ignore minor details and inaccuracies as s/he sweeps forward to a grand fallacy”. One should never get carried away by a top-down approach to scientific endeavors without firm grounding in fundamentals and foundations.
It also occurs to me that to be successful and comfortable in this increasingly complex and globalized world, each of us needs to become a system engineer and be a “jack of all trades and master of at least one”.